Modelling and optimal strategy to control coffee berry borer

Coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), denoted CBB, is the most important insect pest of coffee worldwide, with a high impact on economy producing countries. The spends great part its life cycle inside and causes severe crop losses. Biological control based use an entomopathogenic fungus major alternative to chemical pesticides in order CBB. sprayed berries kill CBB when insects drill holes penetrate berries. Our aim this work optimise application, using modelling approach. We first formulate mathematical model describing infestation dynamics by analyse show that stability pest-free coexistence equilibria depends basic reproduction number. To introduce variable corresponding application fungus, we then extend include dynamics. optimal problem which consists maximising yield, while minimising cost, as well population for next cropping season. existence necessary optimality condition are established Pontryagin's Maximum Principle. solved numerically BOCOP software simulations provided, showing effectively controls